Diary - Project KoMoDo

A small sign of life from the new year – the project is still running at full speed and the laboratory is also bustling with activity. Time is flying and spring is already in the air: the first cormorants are getting ready to occupy their breeding colonies.
In March, we had the opportunity to spend an exciting week at Aarhus University. Together with our Danish colleagues we were undertaking a look into the past, compiling data and studies from previous years to gain a better understanding of the impact of cormorants on the ecosystem.
A particular highlight of our week in Denmark was the collection of spitballs (regurgitated pellets; "Speiballen") with our team's ornithologist, Lars. It was a great opportunity to be out in the field and gain practical insights into data collection.
At the end of our stay, we were visited by Mr Werner Schwarz from the Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Areas, Europe and Consumer Protection of the State of Schleswig-Holstein. During a brief exchange, we were able to present the project and report on the current state of research.
We are looking forward to the coming months – with more exciting samples to arrive and lots of small steps forward to analyse them in the laboratory. 

Here is another brief insight into the current developments of our project.
Despite the summer, there was no chance of a summer break for us! The cormorant counts and sample collections continued at full speed (photo 1). We have now collected more than 2,000 pellets – an impressive number that requires a lot of patience in the laboratory. So far, we have been able to carefully process 600 spitballs and are now in the process of analysing them (photos 2 and 4).
Concurrently, we have made good use of our time to move the project forward: we submitted applications, underwent further training in genetic techniques (photo 5), also in animal testing (photo 3), and we participated in an inspiring conference-type meeting for young scientists on current biodiversity research, which took place on the island of Vilm in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. Here we had the opportunity to successfully present our project goals and discuss them in depth.
Another focus of our work was put on the exchange with our project partners and ornithologists. Such meetings are essential for gaining new insights into the behaviour of cormorants and deepening our observational skills. The close exchange and co-operation with our colleagues from Denmark is particularly important for our project and brings us a big step closer to meaningful and wide-ranging results.

A lot has happened recently, and work in the laboratory is in full swing. Over the past two months, we have been able to process the first spitball samples in the laboratory. These were primarily samples collected in March at our sites in Denmark. We have developed a protocol for this purpose, which is also used by other working groups. This makes our work easily comparable with data produced and published in other countries.  
The morphological identification of the species can take varying amounts of time, depending on how full the spitballs are.
The laboratory work to process and analyse the approximately 700 spitball pellets collected so far is in full swing. We hope that the initial results will give us a better overview of the different locations and we are in regular contact with our colleagues in Denmark.
The successful sample preparation means that our ornithologists and sample collectors are busy out in the field at our ten locations. They are not only collecting spitballs, but they are also counting cormorants. This gives us a little insight into the resting and breeding places of the cormorants. At some locations in Denmark, Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, the cormorants were still in the middle of their breeding season in June. It is very important for our ornithologists to disturb the animals as little as possible during this time to avoid agitation. Fortunately, we work with experts who have a lot of experience and have known the colonies for many years. 
Our KoMoDo project also attracted a great deal of interest from young and old alike at the Science Day in Potsdam (PTDW 2024) and our open day here, at the institute in Sacrow in June2024. We were able to provide a little insight into our laboratory work and inspire young scientists. It is nice to see that many visitors are not afraid to get involved, even though it is a very smelly job. 

The first regurgitated pellets (spitballs) collected last year (2023) on the bird sanctuary island of Beuchel give us an insight into the diet of the breeding colony. Here is a brief glimpse into the laboratory work. The pellets are cleaned, typically leaving behind the undigested hard structures. These can be used to determine not only the species caught, but also their size and weight. Here we found the first cod remains!
In addition, many partially digested and regurgitated fish are found in the cormorant colony. But see for yourself in the bottom row...
By the way: Spitting out whole fish can be stress-related or serve to feed the young fish, with the proportion varying greatly between colonies.